In recent years, the attention of scholars to the figure and work of Iamblichus has increased, while the emphasis is on his thought in the history of the Platonic school. However, a major work still remains to be studied: the De Anima. Preserved only in fragments in the anthology of Stobaeus, it proves to be of crucial importance for the understanding of the development of Platonism at the end of antiquity.

L’article retrace le parcours biographique et littéraire de trois lettrées vénitiennes de la fin du XVIe siècle et de la première moitié du XVIIe et tente d’éclairer leur contribution à une réflexion sur le statut d’écrivaine. Bien que leurs destins de femmes – milieu et place dans la société – et leurs choix d’écriture divergent, Moderata Fonte, Lucrezia Marinella et Arcangela Tarabotti élaborent une pensée similaire sur la question. Leur expérience personnelle – conditions d’étude et accès à la publication (...) – est le point de départ de leur méditation. Dans les écrits qu’elles nous ont laissés, elles dressent un constat sombre et pessimiste : l’hostilité souvent violente de la société et des représentants de la culture rend impossible, sauf pour de rares exception dont elles font partie, la pratique féminine de l’écriture. La dénonciation d’une situation d’inégalité criante entre les hommes et les femmes, s’accompagne de l’ébauche d’un projet de réforme sociale prévoyant le libre accès des femmes à l’étude. (shrink)

In the 1470s the Italian scholar and humanist Domizio Calderini compiled a hitherto seldom noticed commentary on Virgil’s Aeneid. In his comments on Misenus’ burial the author draws on the archaic Law of the Twelve Tables several times. Calderini attempts to establish a link between the guidelines on burial, as recorded in Tabula X, and the funerary ceremony as described in detail by Virgil, which also substantiates the Roman character of the passage. Although the parallels drawn up by Calderini (...) are in general hardly convincing and his interpretative approach fails as a result, the explanations regarding the reading of the Twelve Tables given en passant by the philologist, who lectured at the Roman Studium Urbis, are of particular significance to both the history of classical philology and to the history of reception of this first Roman body of laws. (shrink)

Duranti gli anni della _Querelle des femmes_ si è assistito ad un’importante crescita di testi in difesa o in detrazione della causa femminile. Una delle caratteristiche principali di questa tendenza letteraria risiede nelle reciproche relazioni che le opere stabiliscono tra loro, attraverso una fitta rete di richiami intertestuali. Il Dialogo _Della Dignità e della nobiltà delle donne_ (1624) dello scrittore marchigiano Cristoforo Bronzini aderisce appieno alla pratica intertestuale che mette a servizio della memoria storico-culturale. Nel presente articolo si analizzano i (...) rapporti intertestuali del trattato seicentesco con opere di scrittrici come Lucrezia Marinella, Moderata Fonte ed Isabella Cervoni, mettendo in rilievo le diverse funzioni che l’intertestualità adempie nei testi della _Querelle des femmes_. (shrink)

This book deals with an old conundrum: if God knows what we will choose tomorrow, how can we be free to choose otherwise? If all our choices are already written, is our freedom simply an illusion? This book provides a precise analysis of this dilemma using the tools of modern ontology and the logic of time. With a focus on three intertwined concepts - God's nature, the formal structure of time, and the metaphysics of time, including the relationship between temporal (...) entities and a timeless God - the chapters analyse various solutions to the problem of foreknowledge and freedom, revealing the advantages and drawbacks of each. Building on this analysis, the authors advance constructive solutions, showing under what conditions an entity can be omniscient in the presence of free agents, and whether an eternal entity can know the tensed futures of the world. The metaphysics of time, its topology and the semantics of future tensed sentences are shown to be invaluable topics in dealing with this issue. Combining investigations into the metaphysics of time with the discipline of temporal Logic this monograph brings about important advancements in the philosophical understanding of an ancient and fascinating problem. The answer, if any, is hidden in the folds of time, in the elusive nature of this feature of reality and in the infinite branching of our lives. (shrink)

I explore some early modern philosophical thought about the relation of beauty and wisdom, a theme first expressed in Plato's Symposium. The thinkers I consider most centrally are two women, Lucrezia Marinella and Mary Astell, though I also consider the writers Aphra Behn and Sarah Scott. While women in particular might have a special interest in appropriating the Platonic image of the ladder of desire, this ought not to be conceived as a 'women's issue'. Rather, I suggest, this strand (...) of thought is connected with a central philosophical question of the early modern period, the nature of thought and consciousness. J'étudie ici quelques réflexions philosophiques de l'âge moderne portant sur la relation entre beauté et sagesse, thème d'abord développé dans Le Banquet de Platon. Les penseurs auxquels je m'intéresse principalement sont Lucrecia Marinella et Mary Astell, même si je m'appuie aussi sur les écrivaines Aphra Behn et Sarah Scott. Bien que les femmes en particulier puissent avoir un intérêt spécifique à s'approprier l'image platonicienne de l'échelle désir, cela n'autorise pas à concevoir cette question comme un « problème de femmes ». Je suggère, au contraire, que ce courant de pensée est relié à une question philosophique centrale à l'époque moderne, celle de la nature de la pensée et de la conscience. (shrink)

This book examines the lasting influence of the academic culture wars of the late 20th century on the humanities and progressive politics, and what to make now of those furious debates over postmodernism, multiculturalism, relativism, critical theory, deconstruction, post-structuralism, and so on. In an effort to arrive at a fair judgment on that question, the book reaches for an understanding of postmodern theorists by way of two genres they despised; and hopes, for that reason, to do them justice. The story, (...) in its telling, justifies two basic claims: first, that the phenomenological/hermeneutical tradition is the most suitable source of theory for a humanism that aspires to be truly universal; and, second, that the ethical and political aspect of the human condition is authentically accessible only through narrative. In conclusion, it argues that the postmodern moment was a necessary one, or will have been if we rise to the occasion—and that that is its historical significance. (shrink)

In the treatise called La nobiltà et l’eccellenza delle donne co’ diffetti et mancamenti de gli uomini Lucrezia Marinella claims that women are superior to men. She argues that men are excessively hot, and that heat in a high degree is detrimental to the intellectual and moral capacities of a person. The aim of this paper is to set out Marinella’s views on temperature differences in the bodies of men and women and the effects of bodily constitution on the (...) capacities necessary for political deliberation and rule. I situate Marinella’s argument in the context of an ongoing debate about physiological differences between the sexes, begun in antiquity and extending into the Renaissance. That debate is important for several reasons: as part of a broader discussion of the nature and worth of women, as determining influential interpretations of ancient authorities on matters of physiology, and as anticipating later discussions of the relation between the sexed body and political roles. This paper considers Marinella in dialogue with a number of interlocutors, elements of whose work can be found in her own: Aristotle, Mario Equicola, Galeazzo Flavio Capra, Ludovico Domenichi and Torquato Tasso. (shrink)

If climate change represents a severe threat to humankind, why then is response to it characterized by inaction at all levels? The authors argue there are two complementary explanations for the lack of motivation. First, our moral judgment system appears to be unable to identify climate change as an important moral problem and there are pervasive doubts about the agency of individuals. This explanation, however, is incomplete: Individual emitters can effectively be held morally responsible for their luxury emissions. Second, doubts (...) about individual agency have become overly emphasized and fail to convincingly exonerate individuals from responsibility. This book extends the second explanation for the motivational gap, namely that the arguments for the lack of individual agency do in fact correspond to mechanisms of moral disengagement. The use of these mechanisms enables consumption elites to maintain their consumptive lifestyles without having to accept moral responsibility for their luxury emissions. (shrink)

‘Ein vÖllig unverständliches Wortspiel’, said Friedlander. There have been many attempts to solve the riddle. The older commentators, following Domizio Calderini, offered a fantastic solution: Athenagoras was a doctor specializing in leprosy : ‘porro ducta uxore coepit lingere cunnum…unde factus est olficius, hoc est olfacit cunnum’! H. C. Schnur emended to Olbius : Albius Athenagoras , by marrying a rich wife, became Olbius. This explanation deprives the name ‘Albius’ of any point; nor is it particularly witty to say that (...) Albius married money. The most popular solution points to the biblical γ εμι τ Ἄλφα κα τ 'Σ [sc. πρτος κα σ×ατος] it can be shown with some plausibility that the expression was known to the Romans of Martial's time – and to Martial's phrases ‘alpha paenulatorum’ and ‘beta togatorum’ . Before marriage Athenagoras was A in his house; now he is last, in other words, henpecked. ‘Paenulatorum’ and ‘togatorum’, however, give ‘alpha’ and ‘beta’ a context which plain Alphius and Olphius do not possess. Moreover, in all the other passages which scholars quote in support of the A–Σ hypothesis,9 a letter of the alphabet becomes a byname for an individual, and is not incorporated in another name, as would be the case with Alphius and Σlphius. The presence of two names points to an etymological, not alphabetical, jeu des mots. (shrink)

Las siguientes páginas versan sobre la idea del Estado en la obra de José Ortega y Gasset, mostrando los cambios que en torno a aquella idea se producen en su pensamiento. En un primer periodo de mocedad, Ortega idealiza el papel de Estado influido por la tradición del pensamiento clásico y germano. En un segundo momento, a partir de la programática fecha de 1914, se producirá un giro en su pensamiento, quedando el Estado al servicio de la sociedad o la (...) realidad nacional, y por lo tanto en una posición “subalterna” frente a la posición dominante que Ortega le concedía en sus primeros años como intelectual. (shrink)

La philosophie hédoniste de Michel Onfray est en son fond une philosophie tragique dont l’horizon métaphysique ultime est le néant. Ce thème et ses multiples résonances dans l’œuvre d’Onfray sera étudié ici à trois niveaux : le néant individuel de la mort, le néant des civilisations disparues et enfin l’horizon cosmique du néant. Un jour tout disparaîtra, y compris la pensée humaine que tout disparaîtra. De même que notre vie est une parenthèse entre deux néants, de même notre civilisation et (...) de même l’espèce humaine et l’univers dans son ensemble. Être philosophe, c’est pour Onfray savoir regarder cette vérité en face. (shrink)

Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy cuts to the heart of the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and of today's science wars.At the start of the 21st Century, ...

Rio de Janeiro, the opening of the carnival. On the Friday evening preceding Mardi Gras, the mayor of Rio hands over the keys to the city to King Momo, sovereign of the carnival. Immediately the samba breaks out in the brightly lit streets of the city. Newspapers, magazines and television feature big headlines describing the event and glorifying the holiday kingdom. They all report that the city is being shaken by winds of madness, that licence and inversions of every variety (...) are rampant, that the leveling of individuals and the abolition of social distances illustrate the resolutions of conflicts in a collective dream of joy and happiness…. (shrink)

Freezing Fertility: Oocyte Cryopreservation and the Gender Politics of Aging is the fourth path-breaking monography in the flourishing literature on egg freezing in just a few years. In April 2019, The Oocyte Economy: The Changing Meaning of Human Eggs by the renowned Australian social scientist Catherine Waldby, was published, the first book to examine the emergence of a global market for eggs through biomedical innovation. In September 2019, sociologist Kylie Baldwin of De Montfort University published Egg Freezing, Fertility and Reproductive (...) Choice: Negotiating Responsibility, Hope and Modern Motherhood, in which she explores the experiences of some pioneering women who are having eggs frozen in the United... (shrink)

O presente trabalho resulta de um estudo da reentrada do ensino de Filosofia no currículo do ensino médio e sua repercussão no curso de graduação em Filosofia ofertado pela Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, em Sobral-CE, cujo objetivo é provocar uma reflexão sobre o ensino de Filosofia na educação básica de nível médio e a intensidade desse impacto com o retorno da disciplina. Assim, analisamos se esse impacto aconteceu de forma positiva ou negativa para o curso de Filosofia da UVA. (...) Nosso trabalho enfocou aqui, pesquisas e gráficos elaborados através da coleta de dados oficiais em alguns setores administrativos da Universidade, onde tiramos a conclusão dessa análise. (shrink)

Le site d'éditeur indique : "Editam-se neste volume ensaios elaborados num período relativamente largo de algumas décadas. Apesar de escritos em tempo e com circunstâncias e fins diversos, a sua reunião num volume apresenta uma lógica não só de denominador comum - situam-se todos no campo da História das Ideias Políticas e do Direito -, mas de complementaridade, retoma e/ou desenvolvimento relativamente a aspectos abordados noutros estudos nossos no mesmo domínio. Integram-se, assim, na lógica do tempo próprio do autor.".

Resumo Palavras-chave: Espinosa. Prudência. Regra prática. Sabedoria teórica. Vulgo. Este artigo propõe-se a analisar o sentido de prudência na Ética de Espinosa. Será examinado o modo como o filósofo apresenta sua noção de prudência ao comunicar suas ideias tanto ao não filósofo como a um leitor mais apto à compreensão da “verdadeira filosofia”. Espinosa escreve, no Tratado Teológico Político, que, para que seja entendido e ensinar qualquer doutrina ao gênero humano, terá de adaptar seus argumentos à compreensão de todos. Assim, (...) sua noção de prudência é uma arte de adaptar sua comunicação ao vulgo e menciona a necessidade de demonstrar essa regra prática através da experiência. Contudo, existe um caminho almejado pelo filósofo que busca a conciliação de uma sabedoria teórica que pretende alcançar uma “prudência mais alta”. Este artigo buscará indicar alguns conceitos e considerações presentes na obra de Espinosa em que sua noção de prudência opera e tem suas bases firmadas no campo do conhecimento e da razão, assim como no campo dos afetos e das relações afetivas. A Parte V da Ética considera em seu primeiro axioma o lugar de mudanças que ocorrem em um mesmo sujeito como uma prática inseparável daquilo que Espinosa designa como prudência. Sem a intenção de esgotar a apresentação desse tema no pensamento do filósofo, essa compreensão será o ponto de partida deste trabalho ainda em andamento, para a análise e reflexão da noção e do sentido de prudência espinosana. (shrink)

Comment penser l’amitié sans recourir à une affirmation politique ou théologique? Nous montrons d’abord la reprise chrétienne et la transformation de l’amitié, telle que la concevait l’Antiquité, à partir de la réinterprétation augustinienne des textes de Cicéron. Puis nous proposons de réfléchir à cette nouvelle conception de l’amitié, en nous appuyant sur les textes de Jacques Derrida, qui cherche à établir la possibilité d’une amitié d’« avant les amitiés », fondée sur aucune fraternité. Pour Derrida, une telle amitié est rendue (...) possible par le langage, qui se pense d’abord comme hospitalité. Nous reprenons enfin la lecture des textes d’Augustin, pour montrer leur convergence avec cette nouvelle définition de l’amitié, en éclairant le rôle qu’y joue la confessio. (shrink)

Los criterios de excelencia e innovación a la hora de valorar las tecnologías de la comunicación se ven afectados por un gran número de factores, pero al final hay uno que prima sobre todos los demás: la calidad de la imágenes utilizadas, como sucede con National Geographic y Walt Disney, dos empresas de comunicación que han sido determinantes a la hora de fijar los criterios estándar de excelencia e innovación. En este contexto se reconstruye el debate contemporáneo entre Wiesing, Levinson, (...) Crowther y Seel acerca de los criterios de excelencia e innovación usados a la hora de valorar la calidad de las imágenes virtuales mediáticas por parte de las tecnologías de la comunicación, teniendo en cuenta su cuádruple dimensión genético-retroductiva, simbólica, contextual y estrictamente escénica. (shrink)

La pandemia del COVID-19 constituye un caso de estudio fascinante desde la perspectiva de la filosofía de la ciencia, incluyendo los estudios de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad (CTS) y, en particular, la filosofía de la biología. En este artículo abordo la deriva más polémica del debate clásico en torno al realismo científico, a saber: la discusión sobre la naturaleza de los hechos de los que se ocupan las ciencias.

An examination of the post-Darwinian history of biological taxonomy reveals an implicit assumption that the definitions of taxon names consist of lists of organismal traits. That assumption represents a failure to grant the concept of evolution a central role in taxonomy, and it causes conflicts between traditional methods of defining taxon names and evolutionary concepts of taxa. Phylogenetic definitions of taxon names (de Queiroz and Gauthier 1990) grant the concept of common ancestry a central role in the definitions of taxon (...) names and thus constitute an important step in the development of phylogenetic taxonomy. By treating phylogenetic relationships rather than organismal traits as necessary and sufficient properties, phylogenetic definitions remove conflicts between the definitions of taxon names and evolutionary concepts of taxa. The general method of definition represented by phylogenetic definitions of clade names can be applied to the names of other kinds of composite wholes, including populations and biological species. That the names of individuals (composite wholes) can be defined in terms of necessary and sufficient properties provides the foundation for a synthesis of seemingly incompatible positions held by contemporary individualists and essentialists concerning the nature of taxa and the definitions of taxon names. (shrink)

Traducción al español de De Libera, A., “Les sources gréco-arabes de la théorie médiévale de l’analogie de l’être”, _Les Études Philosophiques_, n° 3-4, julio-diciembre de1989, pp. 319-345.

Este artigo apresenta estudos sobre o hibridismo presente na poesia simbolista de Florbela Espanca (1894-1930). Temos como objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma investigação realizada sobre os traços híbridos que estão presentes nos sonetos Este Livro..., Eu, Mais Alto, Vaidade e Torre de Névoa, observando de que maneira tais traços se apresentam em cada soneto, suas influências e a contribuição de diferentes estéticas na construção da poesia de Florbela Espanca.

Neokantismes: la marque du pluriel indique d'emblee que le mot d'ordre des annees 1865 Retour a Kant! regroupe differentes ecoles. Les auteurs dont les textes inedits en francais se trouvent ici rassembles et traduits, appartiennent en effet soit a l'ecole de Marbourg (H. Cohen, P. Natorp et E. Cassirer) soit a l'ecole de Bade (W. Windelband, H. Rickert, E. Lask, J. Cohn). Le point commun du neokantisme logique des premiers et du neokantisme axiologique des seconds consiste en une volonte d'asseoir (...) le positivisme sur un fondement philosophique respectueux de l'attitude phenomenologique. Kant apparut donc a tous ces penseurs comme science rigoureuse a condition toutefois de ne considerer le sujet transcendantal que comme une fonction logique de la pensee qui elabore la forme et le contenu de la connaissance. A condition egalement de ne pas limiter l'entreprise critique a la physique, mais de l'etendre au fondement de toutes les sciences de l'esprit. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza las fórmulas predominantes para la formación de la propiedad inmobiliaria eclesiástica en Sevilla entre los siglos xiii y xv, a partir de los datos de instituciones, como la Catedral, la colegial del Salvador, conventos y hospitales. En la citada formación tuvieron un papel importante las donaciones, pero en algunos casos predominaron las compras o las transmisiones hereditarias. En el caso de las donaciones, se analiza la procedencia social de los donantes.

O relato em questão, parte de escrivivências afroindígenas construídas nas fronteiras do ser afro e ser Pataxó, interseccionando-as com minhas experiências de se construir professora e escritora. Neste sentido, o relato tem como objetivo partilhar os caminhos da docência-militância em torno da temática étnico-racial, bem como o trabalho de compor narrativas infanto-juvenis sobre essa temática.

O texto discute a reiterada e repetida demanda pela qualidade e excelência exigida pela sociedade frente à educação contemporânea. Considerando alguns aspectos da modernidade/pós-modernidade em que vivem tanto os herdeiros de Prometeu, como os de Dionísio, caracterizados pelo hedonismo, e os de Hermes, que valorizam a comunicação, a criação e a mediação, postula-se que a educação vive sua crise de finalidade, não encontrando referências ou modelos para atualizar-se. Seu impulso legitimador foi diluído quando o cânone moderno de padrões objetivos de (...) conhecimento e organização em que se baseava o mundo, foram desacreditados frente a um cenário pós-moderno. Neste contexto, são discutidas as necessidades de escolhas, de suturar os opostos, de práticas de ruptura e de alternativas existenciais para impasses contemporâneos. (shrink)

The diminution of emphasis on the arts and the humanities and the corresponding increased emphasis on business and STEM disciplines has resulted in a normative conception of national progress that excludes aesthetic education. Scholars in the arts and the humanities have responded to this marginalization either by calling for more esotericism or by underscoring the importance of aesthetic education to the future of democracy and humanity. These arguments have failed to capture the public’s attention. In this essay, I argue that (...) there is a third way: aesthetic educators should challenge the normative understanding of national progress. To this end, I return to the dawn of the split between scientific inquiry and humanist understanding to highlight French Enlightenment debates around the understanding of progress. Specifically, I call attention to the writings of the French philosopher Germaine de Staël because in the adaptation of her notion of progress lies possible hope for the future of the humanities and the arts. (shrink)

A representação da infância no cinema latino-americano tem uma larga tradição ao problematizar questões sociais específicas da nossa realidade. Neste artigo, a criança e o adolescente são situados em relação ao cenário da fronteira entre o México e Estados Unidos em três filmes: Al otro lado, de Gustavo Loza (México, 2004); La misma luna, de Patricia Riggen (Méx/EUA, 2007) e La jaula de oro, de Diego Quemada-Díez (Méx/Espanha, 2013). Para isso, elaboramos uma discusão sobre território, mobilidade e fronteira como forma (...) de pensarmos como a criança e o adolescente encarnaram uma espécie de lugar de falência das políticas públicas e diagnosticaram as distopias construídas no audiovisual em torno da ideia da “infância abandonada”. (shrink)

Ce petit article explicite brièvement le contexte de l�article qui précède et en retrace le parcours en montrant comment le philosophe s�approche prudemment des notions clés de la théologie chrétienne.